Set 3 - Vitamins and Minerals - 33 MCQs

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67. The sodium-potassium pump:

  • (a) Pumps potassium into the cell.
  • (b) Pumps sodium into the cell.
  • (c) Pumps potassium into the plasma.
  • (d) Pumps manganese into the plasma.

68. What quantity of digestive juices and bile are recycled each day?

  • (a) One quart.
  • (b) One half-gallon.
  • (c) One gallon.
  • (d) Two gallons.

69. Electrolyte solutions inside the cell are:

  • (a) Negatively charged.
  • (b) Positively charged.
  • (c) Electrically neutral.
  • (d) More positively charged than negatively charged.

70. To maintain acid-alkaline balance:

  • (a) Kidneys release acidity.
  • (b) Lungs release carbon dioxide.
  • (c) Blood buffers neutralize blood.
  • (d) All of the above.

71. Which mineral is a trace mineral?

  • (a) Calcium.
  • (b) Phosphorus.
  • (c) Iron.
  • (d) Magnesium.

72. Phytates and oxalates limit mineral absorption and are found in:

  • (a) Legumes.
  • (b) Grains.
  • (c) Some green vegetables.
  • (d) All of the above.

73. What percentage of their salt intake do Americans get from processed food?

  • (a) 10 percent.
  • (b) 25 percent.
  • (c) 50 percent.
  • (d) 75 percent.

74. Sodium deficiency is seen with:

  • (a) Excessive sweating.
  • (b) Excessive salt intake.
  • (c) Lack of sodium in the diet.
  • (d) Excessive potassium in the diet.

75. The tolerable upper intake level for sodium intake for men is 3.8 grams. How much sodium does an average American man eat?

  • (a) Three grams.
  • (b) Six grams.
  • (c) Ten grams.
  • (d) Twelve grams.

76. Dietary lack of potassium can cause:

  • (a) Sodium deficiency.
  • (b) Chloride deficiency.
  • (c) Calcium loss from bones.
  • (d) Stronger bones.

77. Potassium deficiency is called:

  • (a) Hypokalemia.
  • (b) Hyperkalemia.
  • (c) Hyponatremia.
  • (d) Hypernatremia.

78. Which type of food has abundant potassium?

  • (a) Meats.
  • (b) Vegetables.
  • (c) Eggs.
  • (d) Fish.

79. Ten grams of potassium from food each day is an excellent amount. What is the average amount of potassium in American diets?

  • (a) Eight to ten grams.
  • (b) Five to eight grams.
  • (c) Three to five grams.
  • (d) Two to three grams.

80. Potassium supplements in the United States are limited in potency to:

  • (a) Under 100 mg.
  • (b) Under 500 mg.
  • (c) Under one gram.
  • (d) Under four grams.

81. The mineral component of bones, consisting of calcium and phosphate is:

  • (a) Nitrogen.
  • (b) Hydroxyapatite.
  • (c) Oxygen.
  • (d) Carbon.

82. Bones are built up with:

  • (a) Resorption.
  • (b) Osteoclasts.
  • (c) Osteoblasts.
  • (d) Osteoporosis.

83. Needed to work with the calcium channels for muscle contraction:

  • (a) Troponin-c.
  • (b) Calmodulin.
  • (c) Activator proteins.
  • (d) All of the above.

84. The quickest way for the body to raise blood calcium levels:

  • (a) Absorb more calcium from the digestive tract.
  • (b) Reabsorb more calcium in the kidneys.
  • (c) Remove calcium from the brain.
  • (d) Remove calcium from the bones.

85. Which is NOT a risk factor for low blood calcium?

  • (a) Low levels of calcium in the diet.
  • (b) Kidney damage.
  • (c) Long-term low vitamin D intake and production.
  • (d) Low magnesium levels.

86. If 100 grams of excess protein is consumed, the amount of additional dietary calcium needed is:

  • (a) None.
  • (b) 58 mg.
  • (c) 583 mg.
  • (d) 5830 mg.

87. The following is useful in slowing the progression of osteoporosis:

  • (a) Extra vitamin D, preferably from sunlight.
  • (b) Calcium supplementation.
  • (c) Regular weight-bearing exercise.
  • (d) All of the above.

88. The richest source of calcium per 100 grams is:

  • (a) Sesame seeds.
  • (b) Milk.
  • (c) Hamburger.
  • (d) Kale.

89. Absorption of dietary calcium averages:

  • (a) Tenth percent.
  • (b) Thirty percent.
  • (c) Fifth percent
  • (d) Seventy percent.

90. Calcium supplements with the best absorption are composed of:

  • (a) Calcium carbonate.
  • (b) Dolomite.
  • (c) Calcium ascorbate.
  • (d) Oyster shell.

91. Phospholipids:

  • (a) Are made of fat and phosphorus.
  • (b) Are a major constituent of the cell membrane.
  • (c) Control the transport of nutrients into the cell.
  • (d) All of the above.

92. Adenosine triphosphate is made up of:

  • (a) One phosphate group and adenosine.
  • (b) Two phosphate groups and adenosine.
  • (c) Three phosphate groups and adenosine.
  • (d) Four phosphate groups and adenosine.

93. Most of the magnesium in the body is found in the

  • (a) Skeleton.
  • (b) Blood.
  • (c) Brain.
  • (d) Kidneys.

94. Magnesium is used to stabilize:

  • (a) Blood acidity.
  • (b) The phosphate groups on ATP.
  • (c) Psychiatric patients.
  • (d) Blood sugar.

95. Which mineral is NOT used in the structure of bones?

  • (a) Phosphorus.
  • (b) Calcium.
  • (c) Sulfur.
  • (d) Magnesium.

96. Increased magnesium in muscle cells results in:

  • (a) Increased relaxation.
  • (b) Increased contraction.
  • (c) Increased muscle tone.
  • (d) Faster contraction.

97. Average amounts of magnesium intake for Americans is:

  • (a) Less than the RDAs.
  • (b) The same as the RDAs.
  • (c) Higher than the RDAs.
  • (d) Almost none.

98. A good source of magnesium:

  • (a) Hamburgers.
  • (b) Enriched bread.
  • (c) Nuts and seeds.
  • (d) All of the above.

99. A sulfur-containing amino acid:

  • (a) Arginine.
  • (b) Cysteine.
  • (c) Tryptophan.
  • (d) Lysine.