Set 7 - Vitamins and Minerals - 33 MCQs

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199. Calcium can be depleted from the bones by:

  • (a) Excess vitamin D.
  • (b) Excess sodium and protein.
  • (c) Excess vitamin A.
  • (d) Excess vitamin E.

200. Calcium removed from bones is:

  • (a) Replaced quickly.
  • (b) Impossible to replace.
  • (c) Time-consuming to replace.
  • (d) Never removed from bones.

201. Which type of calcium supplement is best absorbed?

  • (a) Calcium carbonate.
  • (b) Dolomite.
  • (c) Calcium gluconate.
  • (d) Calcium ascorbate.

202. Lead toxicity is:

  • (a) Reduced by adequate calcium intake.
  • (b) Increased by adequate calcium intake.
  • (c) Unaffected by calcium intake.
  • (d) Increased by calcium citrate supplements.

203. Phosphorus in cell membranes is in the form of:

  • (a) Phosphate.
  • (b) Phosphorus ions.
  • (c) Phospholipids.
  • (d) Phosphoproteins.

204. Dihydrogen phosphate buffers blood acids and becomes:

  • (a) Sulfuric acid.
  • (b) Phosphoric acid.
  • (c) Carbonic acid.
  • (d) All of the above.

205. The phosphate groups in ATP are stabilized with:

  • (a) Sulfur.
  • (b) Phosphorus.
  • (c) Calcium.
  • (d) Magnesium.

206. Iron deficiency affects about how many people worldwide?

  • (a) One hundred thousand.
  • (b) One million.
  • (c) One hundred million.
  • (d) One billion.

207. Iron participates in which part of energy metabolism?

  • (a) Pyruvic acid synthesis.
  • (b) Amino acid conversion.
  • (c) The electron transport chain.
  • (d) Anaerobic energy production.

208. Hemoglobin:

  • (a) Transports oxygen in blood.
  • (b) Contains about two-thirds of the iron in the body.
  • (c) Releases oxygen to tissues.
  • (d) All of the above.

209. An iron-containing compound in the electron transport chain:

  • (a) Cytochrome.
  • (b) Hydrogen peroxide.
  • (c) Myoglobin.
  • (d) Hemoglobin.

210. Copper and vitamin A:

  • (a) Worsen iron deficiency.
  • (b) Help relieve iron deficiency.
  • (c) Have no effect on iron deficiency.
  • (d) Vitamin A relieves iron deficiency, but copper worsens iron deficiency.

211. Dietary iron is needed most:

  • (a) In children under four years of age.
  • (b) In early adolescence.
  • (c) During pregnancy.
  • (d) All of the above.

212. Iron is transported by:

  • (a) Transferrin.
  • (b) Mitochondria.
  • (c) Hemosiderin.
  • (d) Metalloenzymes.

213. Iron absorption is increased by:

  • (a) Phytates.
  • (b) Oxalates.
  • (c) Vitamin C.
  • (d) Tannic acid.

214. In zinc finger-like proteins, zinc attaches to:

  • (a) Cysteine.
  • (b) Histidine.
  • (c) Both (a) and (b).
  • (d) Neither (a) nor (b).

215. Zinc stabilizes the antioxidant:

  • (a) Superoxide dismutase.
  • (b) Action in the mitochondria.
  • (c) Glutathione peroxidase.
  • (d) Vitamin E.

216. Severe zinc deficiency:

  • (a) Is caused by insufficient dietary intake.
  • (b) Is rare.
  • (c) Cannot be caused by diarrhea.
  • (d) Is not caused by severe burns.

217. Which is the richest source of zinc?

  • (a) Fruits and vegetables.
  • (b) Beans.
  • (c) Oysters.
  • (d) Enriched white bread.

218. Zinc is bound in the intestines and in the liver by:

  • (a) Transferrin.
  • (b) Metallothionein.
  • (c) Ferrin.
  • (d) Hemosiderin.

219. The RDA for zinc for adult men is:

  • (a) 11 mg.
  • (b) 11 mcg.
  • (c) 1.1 mg.
  • (d) 1.1 mcg.

220. Excess zinc:

  • (a) Can cause a copper deficiency.
  • (b) Can reduce the effectiveness of superoxide dismutase.
  • (c) Can result from the use of zinc lozenges.
  • (d) All of the above.

221. The most active hormone made from iodine is:

  • (a) Adrenaline.
  • (b) Thyroxine (T4).
  • (c) Triiodothyronine (T3).
  • (d) Serotonin.

222. Which gland(s) control thyroid hormone production?

  • (a) Hypothalamus.
  • (b) Pituitary.
  • (c) Both (a) and (b).
  • (d) Neither (a) nor (b).

223. Which form of selenium supplementation is most absorbable?

  • (a) Sodium selenite.
  • (b) Sodium selenate.
  • (c) Selenomethionine.
  • (d) Selenium oxide.

224. Copper is used in which antioxidant?

  • (a) Superoxide dismutase.
  • (b) Cytochrome.
  • (c) Vitamin C.
  • (d) Glutathione peroxidase.

225. Excess copper:

  • (a) Is eliminated by the kidneys.
  • (b) Is eliminated in the bile.
  • (c) Is eliminated by intestinal cells.
  • (d) Is lost in sweat.

226. A manganese-dependent enzyme detoxifies:

  • (a) Acetone.
  • (b) Drugs.
  • (c) Ammonia.
  • (d) Bile.

227. Rich manganese sources include all of the following EXCEPT:

  • (a) Whole grains.
  • (b) Hamburger.
  • (c) Green leafy vegetables.
  • (d) Peanut butter.

228. Manganese toxicity from food:

  • (a) Is very rare.
  • (b) Is common.
  • (c) Is a worldwide health problem.
  • (d) Is only a problem in populations that eat oysters.

229. When fluoride is incorporated into bones, it can form:

  • (a) Thyroxine.
  • (b) Fluorine.
  • (c) Hydroxyapatite.
  • (d) Fluoroapatite.

230. Trace minerals are found in the body in:

  • (a) Large amounts.
  • (b) Medium amounts.
  • (c) Small amounts.
  • (d) Trace amounts.

231. Water-soluble vitamins:

  • (a) Are first absorbed into the lymph fluid.
  • (b) Are absorbed directly into blood.
  • (c) Are found only in fruits and vegetables.
  • (d) All of the above.